Abstract: My thinking on the issue of the constitutionality of sentence enhancement for racially motivated crimes has benefited enormously from the commentary on my paper, as well as from the commentary directed to other authors. More importantly, this commentary has significantly advanced the inquiry on a topic that is both difficult and important. While agreeing with much of this commentary, there are, nonetheless, many points with which I do not agree. This short reply will be limited, however, to addressing only a few of the more salient points of disagreement.
Hate crimes, constitutional law, racism
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