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Abstract: Quantum technology is often described as the “next big thing.” But the past few decades have brought us a series of next-big-things in technology, and we have accumulated enough experience now to extract some lessons and recommendations from our recent history of technology governance. That is what this article seeks to do. This article first explains what quantum governance is and why people expect it to be such a big deal. The article then describes the existing limited regulations for quantum technologies and then discusses some key governance challenges that quantum technologies are expected to present. Then, the article provides three case studies of other recent “next big thing” emerging technologies--biotechnology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence. While each technology presents unique governance issues and challenges, the case studies extract fifteen lessons that may be relevant for quantum governance. The article next examines seven types of governance frameworks proposed for emerging technologies by leading international and national organizations, with each type of framework providing a different emphasis that focuses on governance that is anticipatory, agile/adaptive, equitable, sustainable, soft law, coordinated, and international. Finally, drawing from three technology case studies and the seven types of governance frameworks, the article identifies and discusses eight governance pillars common to each emerging technology that collectively provide the foundation for effective governance and projects how these eight pillars will apply to quantum technology. These analyses provide a comprehensive roadmap, lessons, and recommendations for the coming challenges of quantum technology governance.
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